Entries from October 2007 ↓

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Computer software in the Irish language is being developed in conjunction with Microsoft and the University of Ulster.

Versions of Microsoft Windows XP operating system, and its Office suite of business software are being developed for the Irish speaking computer user.

The project also involves experts at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth, Foras na Gaeilge, the body responsible for the promotion of the Irish language, and the University of Limerick.

The University of Ulster input into the project, which concerns software localisation, is led by senior lecturer Dr Greg Toner.

“The translation of the Windows interface represents an extremely important advance for the Irish language. It brings the Irish language into the everyday sphere and will enable users of Windows XP and Office to carry out their work through the medium of Irish,” he said.

“Electronic media are central to 21st century life and it is vital for lesser-used languages to establish themselves in that arena if they are to survive into the 22nd century.”

In addition to helping Irish speaking families and businesses, we also expect the final product to be widely embraced by teachers and students throughout the island Terry Landers Microsoft Ireland

A community glossary website for Irish is one of the key components of the
programme, which was announced by the Irish Republic’s Minister for Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, Eamonn O Cuiv.

The glossary of technical terms has been pre-translated by Foras na Gaeilge using their new Dictionary of Computing and Information Technology.

The glossary initiative will enable the Irish-speaking community the opportunity to make comments or contributions on the use of this technical terminology.

The final glossary will be used in the translation of the products into Irish and can also be used by the public as a reference source thereafter.

The full translation of the roughly 600,000 words involved will be undertaken by Irish Departments at the University of Ulster and NUI Maynooth and some testing will be carried out at the University of Limerick.

The final quality and consistency of the translation work done will be overseen by Foras na Gaeilge.

Terry Landers, Head of Corporate Affairs, Microsoft Ireland said the company was committed to working with governments all over the world on programmes that help address specific challenges and meet the needs of citizens.

“We are proud to be part of an integrated approach bringing together the academic, corporate and government sectors to produce a truly representative product, which will help to increase access to technology in our native tongue,” he said.

“In addition to helping Irish speaking families and businesses, we also expect the final product to be widely embraced by teachers and students throughout the island.”

Originaly from: News - Irish computer software developed
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Finance can seem like a foreign language.

All those complicated phrases and bizarre expressions - what’s a dead cat bounce?!

But understanding financial terminology is vital when it comes to knowing what’s happening to your money. So we’ve put together this jargon-free glossary to help you cut through the mumbo-jumbo.

And of course, if there’s anything you’d like explained, get in touch.

Financial terms A - D

Financial terms E - J

Financial terms K - Q

Financial terms R -Z

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French President Nicolas Sarkozy has lost no time since returning from holiday in demonstrating that his political touch has not deserted him.

His response to a shocking news story - the alleged abduction and rape of a young boy by a serial sex offender who had just been freed from jail - was vintage Sarko.

Flanked by senior ministers on the steps of the Elysee Palace, the president announced a handful of simple, direct measures on an emotive topic - protecting children from paedophiles - that he knows will go down well with the public.

No more reduced sentences for sex offenders; secure hospitals for those still considered dangerous at the end of their sentences; tougher controls for those who are freed.

‘Chemical castration’

The populist language was familiar.

I don’t understand how someone is sentenced to 27 years and only serves 18 Nicolas Sarkozy

He was not afraid, Mr Sarkozy said, to call hormonal treatment for paedophiles “chemical castration”.

On the convicted paedophile who allegedly attacked the five-year-old boy, he said: “I don’t understand how someone is sentenced to 27 years and only serves 18.”

In a matter of minutes, President Sarkozy cut through a mountain of law and regulation in a highly complicated area to get to the heart of what concerns people: punishment for criminals, and protection for their potential victims.

But the cold light of day has brought reservations and no little criticism.

The Socialist mayor of Lyon, Gerard Colomb, said he was surprised at the choice of his city as the site of the first secure hospital for paedophiles, to be opened in 2009.

The decision, he said, had been taken without consulting either politicians or local health officials.

The prison workers union has pointed out that a secure centre for treating paedophiles already exists in France - inside the prison at Caen.

Francis Evrard, the man accused of attacking the young boy, was among its inmates, up to three-quarters of whom are sex offenders. The union claims the centre does not work properly due to underfunding.

Lack of resources

The past decade has seen three significant changes in the law on sex offenders.

The latest, on repeat offenders, was only passed earlier this month. But each time, a shocking crime has put the system’s deficiencies into sharp focus.

Magistrates have said the legal weaponry exists, but the main problem is a lack of resources.

A national register listing the names and addresses of thousands of paedophiles has been deemed to be insufficient.

There have been experiments with electronic tagging, but so far only on a handful of offenders.

An experiment to treat paedophiles “chemically” was launched in 2004. Three years on, it has produced little by way of results.

Mr Sarkozy’s action plan targets sex offenders at the end of their sentences, and the question of their release back into society.

‘Monumental error’

But according to some professionals, how paedophiles are treated while they are in detention is in need of urgent review.

Magistrates’ unions have criticised the lack of measures in this area.

One former chief doctor at a large prison in Paris told Le Parisien newspaper that little would be solved unless treatment began as soon as offenders went to jail.

Veronique Vasseur said many rejected offers of psychiatric or psychological help, as sex offenders were despised by other inmates and tried to keep a low profile.

The system’s failings have been further highlighted by the astonishing prescription in jail of the anti-impotence drug Viagra for the boy’s alleged attacker.

“A monumental error, completely absurd,” said Ms Vasseur.

But under a 1994 law, the doctor who did so no longer had automatic access to the prisoner’s criminal record.

He has told Le Parisien that he was one of only two doctors for a centre with more than 800 prisoners.

Last week France was patting itself on the back over the success of its nationwide alert system, that led to the missing boy’s rapid rescue and his alleged aggressor’s arrest. The EU is looking at ways of extending it to other countries.

Yet in its overall treatment of paedophiles, France still lags some way behind.
Originaly from: News - Sarkozy’s anti-paedophile action-plan
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Jan. 2, 2001 — There’s no doubt about it: Viagra is one of the most popular and best-selling drugs ever to hit the pharmacy. Since it first appeared on the market in 1998, more than 20 million prescriptions have been written for it. But while countless men have bade farewell to impotence or erectile dysfunction, others have found that Viagra does not work well for them. For these men, good news may be on the way, as researchers have discovered yet another promising treatment for sexual dysfunction.

 

“Many different types of treatments exist for men with erectile difficulties,” says Craig Niederberger, MD, FACS, who explains that much of Viagra’s popularity is credited to the fact that it can be taken as a pill.

 

Other treatments, he adds, are less convenient and may involve injection of medication directly into the penis. Niederberger, who was not involved in the recent research, is chief of the division of andrology at the University of Illinois, in Chicago.

 

“Traditionally, treatments for erectile dysfunction have focused on the processes that turn on smooth muscle relaxation and produce erection, rather than by blocking the contraction of smooth muscle,” says study author Christopher J. Wingard, MS, PhD. In their study, which appears in the January issue of Nature Medicine, Wingard and his colleagues looked at the latter process.

 

When men are sexually aroused, blood flow into the penis increases, filling up spongy cylinders called corpora cavernosa. When the cylinders fill with blood, the penis hardens and becomes erect. Acting like flood gates, muscular blood vessels called arterioles control the flow of blood into the penis. A chemical called nitric oxide is a signal for the gates to open, and Viagra works by increasing the amount of nitric oxide, signaling the gates to open and increasing the blood flow.

 

Researchers from the Medical College of Georgia, in Augusta decided to explore a different approach. They found that an enzyme called Rho-kinase is present in the spongy cylinders. Elsewhere, this enzyme enhances the activity of muscle, like the muscle in those flood gate muscular vessels. The researchers reasoned that if they inhibited the activity of this enzyme, the muscle would relax, opening the flood gates.

 

Sure enough, it worked. They injected a drug called Y-27632, a known inhibitor of Rho-kinase, into the spongy cylinders of rats, causing penile erections. In further testing, they showed that the Rho-kinase inhibition worked completely independently of the way Viagra works.

 

It’s estimated that about half of all American men between the ages of 40 and 70 are affected with impotence to some degree, and the underlying causes vary. Sometimes, psychological reasons or lifestyle factors, such as excessive alcohol consumption, can lead to impotence. However, a persistent problem is usually due to a chronic illness or a side effect of certain drugs.

 

“Viagra has proven effective in 60-70% of the general population and only about 40% effective in specific groups like diabetics who have some form of erectile dysfunction,” says Wingard. “Thus, it appears that we have a new angle on developing a therapeutic treatment of erectile dysfunction that does not rely on the action of the nitric oxide pathway.”

 

“The type of drug studied in this article uses an entirely new pathway to cause erections in animals, and opens the door to many new possible drugs,” says Niederberger. “If the studied drug is used in the future, it may add to the list of drugs used in direct injection.”

 

So, while the need exists for a wider range of therapies, and the news of this research is encouraging, it is still too early to tell whether Y-27632 will sit beside Viagra on the shelves of the local pharmacy.

 

While this work examined an injectable form of Y-27632, says Wingard, current research efforts have been focusing on using it in a topical form. If this method proves a viable means of administering the compound, he says, “It could lead the way for the development of a new drug treatment of erectile dysfunction.”

 

The study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, the American Heart Association, and the American Health Assistance Foundation.

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Science Daily — A University of Alberta researcher has discovered a potential breakthrough for premature ejaculation–the most common sexual dysfunction in men–with a drug usually used to treat bi-polar or anxiety disorder.

 

Dr. Pierre Chue, a psychiatry professor at the U of A, has found success in treating premature ejaculation (PE) with the use of gabapentin, better known by the brand name Neurontin. Chue writes about his findings in the September issue of the “Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.”

“This disorder affects almost 40 per cent of males–it is even more common than erectile dysfunction–yet it is not talked about much and there has been very little research on it,” said Chue.

The essential feature of the disorder is persistent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it. PE is believed to be a neurobiological phenomenon involving primarily a disturbance of serotonin receptor function. Currently, physicians prescribe medications that are known to influence these receptors–selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs–that delay ejaculation but these antidepressants also come with negative side-effects..

In his report, Chue cites a case study in which a 40-year-old man diagnosed with PE received minimal effectiveness from different techniques–the use of a condom with topical anesthetic and different antidepressant drugs–aimed to improve the disorder. The drugs resulted in such side effects as restless legs, headaches, decreased libido or accelerated ejaculation. The man “had previously found that alcohol produced satisfactory ejaculatory delay with no loss of erectile capacity, but clearly this was not a feasible regular option,” says Chue. A trial of gabapentin taken one to two hours before intercourse proved effective. Higher doses prolonged ejaculation even further but also caused drowsiness.

Dr. Chue is not certain how gabapentin works to improve PE but believes it has to do with the drug’s ability to increase aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Since there are currently no specific treatments for PE, the use of gabepentin to prolong ejaculation warrants further study, says Chue, particularly for those men where other therapies are ineffective or poorly tolerated.

Meanwhile, Chue is looking for people to participate in a clinical trial he is running that will use an SSRI-type drug called dapoxetine, to learn its effects on men with PE. This is an SSRI with a very short half-life that has been shown in clinical trials to delay ejaculation without the usual SSRI side effects.

Note: This story has been adapted from material provided by University Of Alberta.

Originaly from: University Of Alberta Researcher Offers Promising Treatment For Premature Ejaculation
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Notes:
Assessment of male sexual function by the Brief Sexual Function Inventory. Mykletun, Dahl, O’Leary and Fossa. Norway / USA. BJU International. Volume 97, pages 316 to 323. (February 2006).

Established in 1929, BJU International is published 12 times a year by Blackwell Publishing and edited by Professor John Fitzpatrick from University College Dublin, Ireland. It provides its international readership with invaluable practical information on all aspects of urology, including original and investigative articles and illustrated surgery. www.bjui.org

Note: This story has been adapted from material provided by Blackwell Publishing Ltd..

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Science Daily — When researchers at the Chang Gung University Medical College, Taiwan and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine injected botulinum toxin A, or Botox, into the prostate gland of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition commonly referred to as enlarged prostate, they found that it eased symptoms and improved quality of life. Their results, based on 41 men with the condition, will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association (AUA) in Atlanta and published in abstract 1436 in the AUA proceedings.

 

“Millions of men in the United States suffer from enlarged prostate,” said Michael B. Chancellor, M.D., professor of urology and gynecology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. “It’s a challenging disease to live with because it causes frequent and difficult urination. Unfortunately, common treatments also are problematic because they carry some risk of serious side effects, such as impotence. Our results are encouraging because they indicate that Botox could represent a simple, safe and effective treatment for enlarged prostate.”

The patients, ranging in age from 49 to 79 years, with symptomatic BPH that did not respond to standard medical treatment, received injections of Botox directly into their prostate glands. Thirty-one patients, or 75.6 percent, experienced a 30 percent improvement in urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. These improvements were seen up to one year post-injection in some of the patients. Four out of five patients, or 80 percent, were able to completely empty their bladders within a week to one month after the injection, as the Botox caused the prostate gland to relax, putting less pressure on the urethra. Patients did not experience any significant side effects, including stress urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction.

According to Dr. Chancellor, Botox reduces the size of the prostate gland through a cellular process called apoptosis, in which the prostate cells die in a programmed manner. This reduction in size can improve urine flow and decrease residual urine left in the bladder.

BPH is one of the most common diseases affecting men as they age. More than half of all men over the age of 60, and 80 percent by age 80, will have enlarged prostates. Forty to 50 percent will develop symptoms of BPH, which include more frequent urination, urinary tract infections, the inability to completely empty the bladder and, in severe cases, eventual damage to the bladder and kidneys.

Contributors to the study include Yao-Chi Chuang, M.D., Po-Hui Chiang, M.D., and Kaohsiung Hsien, M.D., with the Chang Gung University Medical College, Taiwan; and Naoki Yoshimura M.D., Ph.D., and Fernando de Miguel, Ph.D., with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The study is funded by a grant from Allergan.

Note: This story has been adapted from material provided by University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Read source on Study Finds Men With Enlarged Prostate Can Benefit From Botox Injections
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